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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Harding test</span></span>

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<p>The term <b>Harding test</b> is generically understood to mean an automatic test for <a href="Photosensitive_epilepsy" title="Photosensitive epilepsy">photosensitive epilepsy</a> (PSE), triggered by provocative image sequences in television content. This is properly known as a PSE test since the publication of the <a href="Digital_Production_Partnership_(DPP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Production Partnership (DPP)">Digital Production Partnership (DPP)</a> technical requirements<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the DPP PSE Devices<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> document (in the UK) updated in November 2018.

</p><p>The Harding Flash and Pattern Analyser (FPA) is proprietary <a href="Software" title="Software">software</a> that is used to analyse video content for flashing and stationary patterns which may cause harm to those who suffer from <a href="Photosensitive_epilepsy" title="Photosensitive epilepsy">photosensitive epilepsy</a>. It is an implementation of the guidelines set by the regulator <a href="Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> in the UK largely based on the findings by <a href="Graham_Harding" title="Graham Harding">Graham Harding</a>, a professor at <a href="Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston University</a>. It is available in both tape-based and file-based versions, allowing video streams from SDI, composite, component, HDMI, and files to all be analysed, in resolutions up to 8k. Versions for both Microsoft Windows and Apple mac-IOS are available. There are other manufacturers of similar and different solutions available which are also approved on the DPP Devices list.<sup id="cite_ref-HardingProds_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HardingProds-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Photosensitive_epilepsy">Photosensitive epilepsy</h2></div>

<p><a href="Photosensitive_epilepsy" title="Photosensitive epilepsy">Photosensitive epilepsy</a> affects approximately one in 4,000 people and is a form of epilepsy in which seizures are triggered by visual stimuli that form patterns in time or space, such as flashing lights, bold regular patterns, or regular moving patterns. In 1993, an advert for <a href="Pot_Noodles" class="mw-redirect" title="Pot Noodles">Pot Noodles</a> induced seizures in three people in the <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, leading to the then regulator the <a href="Independent_Television_Commission" title="Independent Television Commission">ITC</a> introducing these guidelines.

</p><p>The Broadcast Code of Advertising Practice requires that TV ads are tested and pass a PSE Test. Companies such as <a href="Clearcast" title="Clearcast">Clearcast</a>, are responsible for clearing ads for UK commercial broadcasters and will perform a PSE check on all ads before clearance.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Testing_procedures">Testing procedures</h2></div>

<p>The algorithms behind PSE testing look at video frames from second to second and analyse for potentially provocative image sequences. Luminance flashes, red flashes and spatial patterns over prescribed amplitude and frequency limits are then logged. Any such over limit violations give rise to the media being failed. Otherwise the media is passed fit for broadcast and a pass certificate can be automatically generated.

</p><p>The first PSE test was developed by Cambridge Research Systems Ltd. and are based on research by Graham Harding.<sup id="cite_ref-titleBBC_NEWS_|_England_|_London_|_Epilepsy_fears_over_2012_footage_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-titleBBC_NEWS_|_England_|_London_|_Epilepsy_fears_over_2012_footage-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Harding FPA products implement the same guidelines. There are also other approved manufacturers' products which either use the same algorithm in different packages or have independently developed software and algorithms that broadly provide PSE checks to the same specifications.

</p><p>The PSE testing is currently used by all <a href="Television" title="Television">television</a> stations in the UK to check for compliance with the guidelines. If a program fails, it usually requires a re-editing of offending scenes. Normally, problems can be rectified by reducing the number of flashes in the scene and/or reducing the intensity of colors (most notably saturated red).<sup id="cite_ref-HardingPhoto10_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HardingPhoto10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After re-editing the problem areas, the entire program must be re-tested in order to obtain a PSE test certificate. PSE testing is also used in Japan, particularly for <a href="Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> content on both broadcast TV and online streaming platforms, following the <a href="Pok%C3%A9mon_Shock" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokémon Shock">Pokémon Shock</a> incident in 1997.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021053640/http://www.digitalproductionpartnership.co.uk/downloads/standards/">"Technical Standards"</a>. DPP. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalproductionpartnership.co.uk/downloads/standards/">the original</a> on 2014-10-21.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalproductionpartnership.co.uk/publications/type/technical-guides/#publication-6902">"PSE Devices"</a>. DPP<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-28</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-HardingProds-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HardingProds_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hardingfpa.com/technical-support/how-to-interpret-hardingfpa-results/">"How To Interpret HardingFPA Results"</a>. Cambridge Research Systems Ltd. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-titleBBC_NEWS_|_England_|_London_|_Epilepsy_fears_over_2012_footage-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-titleBBC_NEWS_|_England_|_London_|_Epilepsy_fears_over_2012_footage_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/6724245.stm">"Epilepsy fears over 2012 footage"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. London. 2007-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-HardingPhoto10-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HardingPhoto10_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHarding,_G.F.Harding,_P.F.2010" class="citation journal cs1">Harding, G.F.; Harding, P.F. (2010). "Photosensitive epilepsy and image safety". <i>Applied Ergonomics</i>. <b>41</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">504–</span>508. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.apergo.2008.08.005">10.1016/j.apergo.2008.08.005</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18930180">18930180</a>.</cite></span>

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